Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kombane okugqwesileyo, ubhedu sisinyithi esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zombane ezahlukeneyo.Ineempawu ezininzi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali eziyenza ibe ngumqhubi ofanelekileyo wombane.
Okokuqala, ubhedu lune-conductivity ephezulu yombane.I-Conductivity ibhekiselele kwisakhono sesixhobo sokuthwala umsinga wombane.Ubhedu luneyona ndlela iphezulu yombane kuzo zonke iintsimbi.I-conductivity yayo kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa malunga ne-58.5 yezigidi ze-Siemens ngemitha (S / m).Le conductivity ephezulu ithetha ukuba ubhedu lunokuthutha ngokufanelekileyo intlawulo kunye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngendlela yokushisa.Ivumela ukuhamba ngokufanelekileyo kwee-electron, ivumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwimigama emide ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla.
Esinye sezizathu ezibangela ukuba ubhedu buqhube kakhulu kukwakheka kweathom.Ubhedu lune-electron enye kuphela kwiqokobhe layo elingaphandle, libotshelelwe ngokukhululekileyo kwinucleus.Esi sakhiwo sivumela ii-electrons ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-lattice yobhedu.Xa intsimi yombane isetyenzisiwe, ezi electron zamahhala zinokuhamba ngokulula kwi-lattice, ziphethe umsinga wombane kunye nokumelana okuncinci.
Ukongezelela, ubhedu lune-resistivity ephantsi.I-Resistivity ibhekiselele kuxhathiso lwendalo lwesixhobo sokuhamba kombane.Ukumelana nobhedu kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi malunga ne-1.68 x 10 ^ -8 ohm-imitha (Ω · m).Oku kumelana okuphantsi kuthetha ukuba ubhedu lunika ukuchasana okuncinci kakhulu ekuhambeni kwee-electron, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu.Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kubalulekile kwizicelo ezibandakanya iimfuno zangoku eziphezulu, ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye neengcingo.
I-copper egqwesileyo yombane yombane ikwangenxa yeempawu zayo zokushisa.Inomgangatho ophezulu we-thermal conductivity, oku kuthetha ukuba iqhuba ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo.Le propati iluncedo kakhulu kwizicelo zombane kuba ivumela ubhedu ukuba buchithe ubushushu obuveliswa kukuhamba kombane.Ukutshatyalaliswa kokushisa okusebenzayo kunceda ukugcina ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo ombane, ukuthintela ukushisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo kwexesha elide.
Ukongezelela, ubhedu luyisinyithi esine-ductile kakhulu.I-Ductility ibhekiselele kwisakhono semathiriyeli ukutsalwa kwiingcingo ezibhityileyo ngaphandle kokwaphuka.I-Copper's high ductility iyenza ilungele ucingo kuba inokubunjwa ngokulula kwaye yenziwe ibe yiingcingo ezincinci ezithambileyo.Ezi ngcingo ziyakwazi ukuhanjiswa kwimimiselo eyinkimbinkimbi, eyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, kubandakanywa izakhiwo zokuhlala, zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino.
Ubhedu lukwabonisa ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuhlwa.Xa ibonakaliswe emoyeni, yenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo othintela ukubola kunye nokuhla.Olu phawu lubalulekile kwizicelo zombane njengoko luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokuqina kwabaqhubi bethusi.Ukumelana ne-corrosion ye-Copper ivumela ukuba igcine umbane wayo ixesha elide nakwimimandla enzima.
Enye inzuzo yobhedu njengomqhubi wombane kubuninzi bayo kunye nokufumaneka.Ubhedu luyinto eninzi esasazwa kwihlabathi jikelele.Olu fikelelo lukwenza kube lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwizicelo zombane kuba lufumaneka lula kwaye alubizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintsimbi ezisebenza ngamandla.
Isishwankathelo, ubhedu yeyona nto ibalaseleyo yomqhubi wombane ngenxa yombane wayo ophezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphantsi, iipropathi ze-thermal, i-ductility, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nobuninzi.Ubume bayo obukhethekileyo be-athomu kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zivumela ukuthuthwa ngokufanelekileyo kweentlawulo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla amancinci.Ukuhanjiswa kombane okukhethekileyo kweCopper kuyenza ibe yimathiriyeli eyimfuneko kwizicelo zombane ezininzi, ukusuka kuthumelo lwamandla kunye neengcingo ukuya kumalungu e-elektroniki kunye neesekethe.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023
